An aircraft and its various structures are regularly subject to intense stressors during standard flight operations, thus care and maintenance is crucial for maintaining the health of all parts. During the manufacturing or repair stage, fabric coverings are used for all open structures and closed plywood structures. The aircraft fabric covering process has been a common procedure since the early days of aviation, and there are various materials and methods that may be used.
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Have you ever wondered why the phrase “the nuts and bolts of it” exists? The reasoning might help in remembering the biggest difference between screws and bolts. A bolt is defined as a threaded fastener with a nut and a flat bottom. It requires a nut to secure it to a material. The bolt can only be loosened when torque is applied to the nut. A screw, for all intents and purposes, is a threaded fastener without those attributes— it is defined as a screw head with a circular helical ridge. Screws are fastened by applying torque to the head.
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Fasteners are typically small hardware pieces such as washers, screws, studs fasteners and more. Fasteners are used in several different industries including aerospace. One of the oldest and most common fasteners on the market is the nail. The standard nail is made of a shank, or a metal rod, and is flat at the top with an end that is pointed. Nails are typically hammered into wood, drywall, etc. and are used to fasten materials together. The standard nail is made from steel, but other variations include aluminum, brass, bronze, iron, or copper. The United States alone has over 300 different types of nails manufactured, most of which are used in residential construction.
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