Aircraft Electrical Power Distribution Systems
Currently, many aircraft systems rely on hydraulic, pneumatic, and other mechanical forms of systems, though this trend is currently changing as newer technological capabilities progress. With the advancing technologies and benefits of the aircraft electrical system, aircraft design is shifting to favor electronic equipment over traditional mechanical systems. Aircraft electrical systems can save an aircraft weight and reduce expenditures across various segments, making them desirable. The aircraft electrical system operates to generate and distribute power throughout an aircraft, providing power for various systems, instruments, and components. Electronic equipment and systems may feature AC or DC power, and understanding these types and their functionalities can help one in designing aircraft and their electrical systems.
Alternating current (AC) electrical systems are very common on multi-engined turbine powered aircraft. Alternating current is a type of electric current that reverses direction regularly. AC power is used for many types of equipment, including appliances and systems plugged into wall sockets or aircraft seat plugs. The typical generator for AC power distribution operates at 400Hz and is three-phase. 400Hz outputs serve as the standard for aircraft and aerospace applications due the ability to use compact, lightweight generators. Although higher frequencies for large distance powering may cause voltage drops, the ability to reduce the weight of an aircraft is a critical benefit that makes them worthwhile for use over other types. An alternator is a type of AC device which may be present on an aircraft to power the battery and act as a starter.
Unlike the reversing direction of alternating currents, direct current (DC) power flows in a single direction. DC power flows through conductors well, such as a cable wire for aircraft electrical system components, as well as through semiconductors and insulators. DC power is often seen on both smaller planes, as well as larger airliners which may use DC and AC power. Applications that DC power serves include electronic circuits, automotive batteries, telecommunication, and high-voltage power transmission. DC power may be used for powering and signal applications, and DC power is typically 28VDC when used for powering aircraft components.
With the push towards more advanced and complex electrical power systems, it is important to be aware of their various advantages and disadvantages. A complex aircraft electrical system may provide for decreased total weight, due in part to the reduction of heavy gauge power feeders. The amount of distribution wiring that is required is also decreased for such systems. Lastly, electrical power systems can provide for better control of loads throughout the aircraft. With complex electrical systems, there are some downsides however. With more components relying on electrical power, the chance of an electrical issue increases. An electronic circuit may also face short circuiting or electrical failure during operation. Lastly, electrical systems that produce currents at higher frequencies may have voltage drops which have the chance of causing losses of power. With the knowledge of complex electrical systems added advantages and disadvantages, a more careful consideration can be made as the trend of electrical systems continues to grow.
When it comes time to begin sourcing the aircraft electrical power distribution parts and components that you need for your next operation or project, look no further than NSN Parts Now. NSN Parts Now is owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor, and we can help you find the AC & DC power supplies and other aerospace components that you need, new or obsolete. As a premier supplier of parts for the aerospace, civil aviation, and defense industries, we're always available and ready to help you find all the parts and equipment you need, 24/7x365. ASAP Semiconductor is an AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015 certified and FAA AC 0056B accredited enterprise. For a quick and competitive quote, email us at sales@nsnpartsnow.com or call us at +1-714-705-4780.
